MANINI

Environmental stressors and thyroid-controlled metamorphosis in two coral reef fishes

Project at a glance

2019-2024

Banyuls-sur-Mer (FR)

Moorea (PF)

Okinawa (JP)

Acanthurus triostegus

Amphiprion ocellaris

Ecophysiology

Ecotoxicology

EvoDevo

Transcriptomics

Context

Coral reefs are critically threatened by anthropogenic stressors, including chemical pollution, acidification and temperature rise. The decline of many reef fish populations in human-impacted ecosystems is partly driven by impaired larval recruitment, a key process for the replenishment and persistence of adult populations. Understanding the mechanisms underlying larval recruitment, and how they are affected by anthropogenic stressors, is therefore essential for preserving coral reef fish populations. While we showed that reef fish larval recruitment involves a true metamorphic transition controlled by thyroid hormones (TH), and that juvenile quality (e.g. grazing performance and survival from predation) is linked to TH signaling, relatively little is known about the molecular determinants of larval recruitment and the inner biological mechanisms through which anthropogenic stressors can affect these transitions.

Objectives

MANINI uses two complementary model species – the surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus (“manini” in Polynesian) and the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris – to ask the following questions:

1. Do anthropogenic stressors affect larval recruitment and TH signaling ?

MANINI aims at determining the effect of acidification, temperature rise and chlorpyrifos on the metamorphosis of the two model species.
Larva and juvenile manini

2. How is sensory organ maturation affected by these stressors?

As sensory organs are known to mature during larval recruitment, MANINI examines whether anthropogenic stressors that affect TH signaling also affect fish sensory organ maturation and sensory abilities.
RetinaSection

3. Are the effects of these stressors causally linked to TH disruption?

MANINI aims at functionally determining whether metamorphic impairments after exposure to anthropogenic stressors are caused by a TH signaling impairment.
THDisruption

4. Are these effects observed in natural fish populations?

MANINI compares fish collected from contrasted reef regions (e.g., human-impacted reefs vs. marine protected areas) to examine their quality and associated TH signaling determinants.
ManiniInNursery
Our main hypothesis is that fish larval recruitment is controlled by TH and can be altered by anthropogenic stressors disrupting TH signaling. This will provide a general framework to better understand, at the molecular level, how water pollution and more generally human activities resulting in global changes, can threaten reef ecosystems. In particular, this suggests that different anthropogenic stressors can lead to a common effect: the disruption of an endocrine pathway. It is well known that endocrine disruption has several major features such as nonlinear dose-response relationship, time lags between exposure and effect, or transgenerational effects. Therefore, if anthropogenic stressors converge on TH signalling disruption, this can led to a major shift in our understanding of the effects of climate change on natural animal populations. In addition, this basic knowledge will also be translated to conservation biology aspects. Our model suggests that the in vivo measure of TH signalling level in natural populations could provide an endpoint to characterize the degree to which a given fish population is affected by global change.

Project team and partners

BIOM - CNRS, Sorbonne Université

Laurence Besseau - Coordinator
Marc Besson

Funding

French National Research Agency - ANR

AAPG 2019 - PRC
ANR-19-CE34-0006
2019-2024

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Our projects regularly involve Master students, PhD candidates and postdoctoral researchers interested in marine Eco-Evo-Devo, ecotoxicology, behaviour and integrative biology.